Fully-Integrated Timers for Ultra-Low-Power Internet-of-Things Nodes—Fundamentals and Design Techniques

Autor: Mikki How-Wen Loo, Harikrishnan Ramiah, Ka-Meng Lei, Chee Cheow Lim, Nai Shyan Lai, Pui-In Mak, Rui P. Martins
Jazyk: angličtina
Rok vydání: 2022
Předmět:
Zdroj: IEEE Access, Vol 10, Pp 65936-65950 (2022)
Druh dokumentu: article
ISSN: 2169-3536
DOI: 10.1109/ACCESS.2022.3183995
Popis: Driven by the momentum toward compact and low-power Internet-of-Things (IoT) systems, the research on fully-integrated and energy-efficient kHz-to-MHz timers increased explosively. This article examines recent publications on timers and classifies them into two major categories: open-loop-based and close-loop-based timers. Upon introducing the basic parameters for characterizing a timer, we perform an extensive investigation to gain insights into recent state-of-the-art works. We also discuss in detail the comparison between the two classes of timers. With the aid of the state-of-the-art, we present a comprehensive review from multiple perspectives, such as Energy Efficiency, Temperature Coefficient, Temperature Range, Figure-of-Merit, etc.
Databáze: Directory of Open Access Journals