Evolving Epidemiology of Pediatric Respiratory Syncytial Virus (RSV) Cases Around COVID-19 Pandemic: Impact and Clinical Insights, Retrospective Cohort Study

Autor: Deema Gashgarey, Mohammed Alsuhaibani, Raghad Alhuthil, Hattan Alhabshan, Azzam Alabdulqader, Rakan Badran, Abdulaziz Balhmar, Haifa Aldawood, Esam A. AlBanyan, Salem AlGhamdi, Suliman AlJumaah, Ohoud AlYabes, Sami Al-Hajjar
Jazyk: angličtina
Rok vydání: 2024
Předmět:
Zdroj: Journal of Epidemiology and Global Health, Vol 14, Iss 2, Pp 319-326 (2024)
Druh dokumentu: article
ISSN: 2210-6014
67799531
DOI: 10.1007/s44197-024-00218-4
Popis: Abstract Background The burden of respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) in high-risk pediatric patients remains unclear. Therefore, this study aims to characterize pediatric RSV cases from January 2019 to December 2022 and assess the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on RSV burden and RSV-related outcomes. In addition, examining factors influencing RSV-related hospitalization. Methods This is a retrospective study that included pediatric patients (aged 14 and below) who presented at King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Centre (KFSHRC) in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia with RSV infection identified using real-time reverse-transcriptase polymerase chain reaction assays. Statistical analyses were performed using STATA. Results A total of 885 RSV cases were reported; (56.05%) were males and (43.95%) were females with a median age of 24 months [interquartile range (IQR): 11–60]. 534 (60.34%) required hospitalization. As for RSV seasonality, there was a significant increase in RSV prevalence following the COVID-19 pandemic, escalating from 205 cases in 2019 to 425 cases in 2022. The increase in 2022 was evident in January and persisted from September to December, reaching its peak during the months of October (20.70% − 88 cases) and November (32.00% − 136 cases). About (27.12%) of RSV infected children were medically free patients. Symptomatic patients exhibited various clinical manifestations, with ventilation necessary in (13.11%) of cases. Further analysis revealed significant changes in RSV-related outcomes post-COVID-19, including a decrease in hospitalization rates, an increase in medically free patients, and a lower need for ventilation (p
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