The electrocaloric effect of lead-free Ba1−yCayTi1−xHfxO3 from direct and indirect measurements

Autor: David Gracia, Sara Lafuerza, Javier Blasco, Marco Evangelisti
Jazyk: angličtina
Rok vydání: 2023
Předmět:
Zdroj: APL Materials, Vol 11, Iss 12, Pp 121101-121101-8 (2023)
Druh dokumentu: article
ISSN: 2166-532X
DOI: 10.1063/5.0173585
Popis: We report on the dielectric and electrocaloric properties of Ba1−yCayTi1−xHfxO3 for compositions 0.12 < x < 0.18 and y = 0.06, as well as x = 0.15 and 0 < y < 0.15, synthesized by the conventional solid-state reaction method. The addition of Hf/Ca broadens the ferroelectric-paraelectric phase transition while moving it toward room temperature. Two interferroelectric transitions are seen to converge, together with the ferroelectric–paraelectric phase transition, at ∼335 K for 0.12 < xc < 0.135 and y = 0.06. Consistent with the dielectric properties, the electrocaloric effect maximizes closer to room temperature with increasing Hf/Ca substitutions, which promote larger temperature spans. The electrocaloric responsivity gradually decreases from 0.2 to 0.1 K mm kV−1 with the addition of Hf/Ca. A homemade quasi-adiabatic calorimeter is employed to measure “directly” the electrocaloric data, which are also calculated from polarization-versus-electric-field cycles using “indirect” standard procedures. The comparison between measured and calculated values highlights the importance of having access to direct methods for a reliable determination of the electrocaloric effect.
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