| Popis: |
The relevance of the topic is determined by the fact that, at first glance, theology and postmodernism seem incompatible, however, the pluralism is the basic of the modern "theology of religions", whose proponents consider it possible to include any religious or quasi-religious system here. The purpose of the article is to analyze modifications of the theology of modernity. We regard postmodernism as the key to understanding of the present, when Eurocentrism was replaced by polycentric globalization and Modern's belief in human titanism – a return to religion. Analyzed in the article material proves that crisis phenomena have already been observed in the bosom of Protestant biblical criticism and since the Enlightenment, which cast doubt on the right of theology to exist. This was the impetus for the formation of liberal theology, that paved the way for Catholic modernism, which was initially condemned but subsequently actually recognized. And the spiritual crisis of Europe in the nineteenth and twentieth centuries and the violent spread of secular pseudo-religions such as communism and fascism led to the recognition of the inability to solve the theodicy by the old methods. In Protestantism, a "dialectical theology" (neoorthodoxy) is formed, that based on the principles of the early Reformation; in Catholicism, the "new scholasticism" which seeks to update the fundamental principles of theology; this is enshrined in the "Aggiornamento" installation and in the official neotomizm-based system. Catholicism and Protestantism converge in the ecumenical movement. There are many areas of postmodern theology, but a relationallyfunctional approach to phenomena is adapting everywhere, leading to the idea of superecumenism (religious pluralism), which recognizes the equality of all religions, each of which seems to be the true path. Nowadays we can fix two main directions of development of modern theology – exclusivism (belief in the truth of one religion) and inclusivism (one religion is the highest, others contain only part of the truth). Orthodoxy believes that these innovations lead to the destruction of the Church. However, even non-Christians instinctively feel the mercy of God – for example, Buddhism with its expectation of the Savior can be understood as a movement toward Christianity. Further direction of research can be developed in the aspect of studying the problem of hierarchical correlation of axiological systems of religions of the world. |
