| Autor: |
Kim M. A. De Kleijn, Kirsten R. Straasheijm, Wieteke A. Zuure, Gerard J. M. Martens |
| Jazyk: |
angličtina |
| Rok vydání: |
2022 |
| Předmět: |
|
| Zdroj: |
Biomedicines, Vol 10, Iss 5, p 1025 (2022) |
| Druh dokumentu: |
article |
| ISSN: |
2227-9059 |
| DOI: |
10.3390/biomedicines10051025 |
| Popis: |
Crucial in the pathogenesis of neurodegenerative diseases is the process of neuroinflammation that is often linked to the pro-inflammatory cytokines Tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNFα) and Interleukin-1beta (IL-1β). Human cortical spheroids (hCSs) constitute a valuable tool to study the molecular mechanisms underlying neurological diseases in a complex three-dimensional context. We recently designed a protocol to generate hCSs comprising all major brain cell types. Here we stimulate these hCSs for three time periods with TNFα and with IL-1β. Transcriptomic analysis reveals that the main process induced in the TNFα- as well as in the IL-1β-stimulated hCSs is neuroinflammation. Central in the neuroinflammatory response are endothelial cells, microglia and astrocytes, and dysregulated genes encoding cytokines, chemokines and their receptors, and downstream NFκB- and STAT-pathway components. Furthermore, we observe sets of neuroinflammation-related genes that are specifically modulated in the TNFα-stimulated and in the IL-1β-stimulated hCSs. Together, our results help to molecularly understand human neuroinflammation and thus a key mechanism of neurodegeneration. |
| Databáze: |
Directory of Open Access Journals |
| Externí odkaz: |
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