| Popis: |
Diet, sedentary lifestyle, and overall lifestyle are among the primary risk factors for the onset of cancer and have been a challenge for scientific research for decades. Adverse events in oncological treatments are related to their nonspecificity to tumor cells and the cytotoxic effects on normal cells. Therefore, searching for therapies that promote greater efficacy and reduce treatment side effects is continuous. In this search, the Fasting Mimicking Diet (FMD) protocol has gained prominence as it presents a low-calorie, low-protein, and moderate to high unsaturated fat composition. This study evaluated the applicability, feasibility, and safety profile of the nutritional intervention, FMD diet combined with Azacitidine in treating patients with Myelodysplastic neoplasms (MDS). We conducted non-randomized experimental clinical research. The dietary intervention was assessed using anthropometric data, toxicity, and laboratory tests in patients diagnosed with MDS. Twenty-one patients were selected at the first cycle, with an average age of 68 (± 14) years. The FMD diet was used for 12 patients. Nine cases were excluded due to death or inability to maintain the diet protocol. The average weight of the patients was 61.24 kg, and the average BMI was 23.83. In the second treatment cycle, the average weight and BMI were 58.91 kg and 22.71, respectively. Both the 2.33 kg weight loss and the reduction in average BMI were significant (p = 0.020 and p = 0.040, respectively). In the third cycle, the average weight was 57.28 kg, and the BMI was 22.57, with another significant weight reduction (p = 0.013). During the application of the FMD, hematological markers (hemoglobin, mean red blood cell volume, leukocytes, segmented neutrophils, and platelets) were evaluated before and after chemotherapy, showing no change in the hematological profile of patients after chemotherapy with the FMD diet (p > 0.05 for all values). This result demonstrated that weight loss and BMI reduction were not clinically impactful in the patients in our cohort. Finally, among the patients who followed the FMD diet, there was a significant reduction in the severity of constipation cases (p = 0.014). These results suggest that the FMD Diet is feasible for patients with Myelodysplastic neoplasms and should be evaluated in Phase 2 and Phase 3 studies. |
