| Autor: |
Natascha Braach, David Frommhold, Kirsten Buschmann, Johanna Pflaum, Lutz Koch, Hannes Hudalla, Kathrin Staudacher, Hongjie Wang, Berend Isermann, Peter Nawroth, Johannes Poeschl |
| Jazyk: |
angličtina |
| Rok vydání: |
2014 |
| Předmět: |
|
| Zdroj: |
PLoS ONE, Vol 9, Iss 2, p e89422 (2014) |
| Druh dokumentu: |
article |
| ISSN: |
1932-6203 |
| DOI: |
10.1371/journal.pone.0089422 |
| Popis: |
AIMS: The receptor for advanced glycation endproducts, RAGE, is a multiligand receptor and NF-κB activator leading to perpetuation of inflammation. We investigated whether and how RAGE is involved in mediation of anti-inflammatory properties of protein C. METHODS AND RESULTS: We analyzed the effect of protein C on leukocyte adhesion and transmigration in WT- and RAGE-deficient mice using intravital microscopy of cremaster muscle venules during trauma- and TNFα-induced inflammation. Both, protein C (PC, Ceprotin, 100 U/kg) and activated protein C (aPC, 24 µg/kg/h) treatment significantly inhibited leukocyte adhesion in WT mice in these inflammation models. The impaired leukocyte adhesion after trauma-induced inflammation in RAGE knockout mice could not be further reduced by PC and aPC. After TNFα-stimulation, however, aPC but not PC treatment effectively blocked leukocyte adhesion in these mice. Consequently, we asked whether RAGE is involved in PC activation. Since RAGE-deficient mice and endothelial cells showed insufficient PC activation, and since thrombomodulin (TM) and endothelial protein C receptor (EPCR) are reduced on the mRNA and protein level in RAGE deficient endothelial cells, an involvement of RAGE in TM-EPCR-dependent PC activation is likely. Moreover, TNFα-induced activation of MAPK and upregulation of ICAM-1 and VCAM-1 are reduced both in response to aPC treatment and in the absence of RAGE. Thus, there seems to be interplay of the RAGE and the PC pathway in inflammation. CONCLUSION: RAGE controls anti-inflammatory properties and activation of PC, which might involve EPCR and TM. |
| Databáze: |
Directory of Open Access Journals |
| Externí odkaz: |
|
