How to Inhibit Nuclear Factor-Kappa B Signaling: Lessons from Poxviruses
| Autor: | Joshua B. Reus, Emily A. Rex, Don B. Gammon |
|---|---|
| Jazyk: | angličtina |
| Rok vydání: | 2022 |
| Předmět: | |
| Zdroj: | Pathogens, Vol 11, Iss 9, p 1061 (2022) |
| Druh dokumentu: | article |
| ISSN: | 11091061 2076-0817 |
| DOI: | 10.3390/pathogens11091061 |
| Popis: | The Nuclear Factor-kappa B (NF-κB) family of transcription factors regulates key host inflammatory and antiviral gene expression programs, and thus, is often activated during viral infection through the action of pattern-recognition receptors and cytokine–receptor interactions. In turn, many viral pathogens encode strategies to manipulate and/or inhibit NF-κB signaling. This is particularly exemplified by vaccinia virus (VV), the prototypic poxvirus, which encodes at least 18 different inhibitors of NF-κB signaling. While many of these poxviral NF-κB inhibitors are not required for VV replication in cell culture, they virtually all modulate VV virulence in animal models, underscoring the important influence of poxvirus–NF-κB pathway interactions on viral pathogenesis. Here, we review the diversity of mechanisms through which VV-encoded antagonists inhibit initial NF-κB pathway activation and NF-κB signaling intermediates, as well as the activation and function of NF-κB transcription factor complexes. |
| Databáze: | Directory of Open Access Journals |
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