| Autor: |
Junchen Yang, Daohong Wang, Haitao Huang, Ting Wu, Nobuyuki Takagi, Kazuo Yamamoto |
| Jazyk: |
angličtina |
| Rok vydání: |
2023 |
| Předmět: |
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| Zdroj: |
Remote Sensing, Vol 15, Iss 7, p 1923 (2023) |
| Druh dokumentu: |
article |
| ISSN: |
2072-4292 |
| DOI: |
10.3390/rs15071923 |
| Popis: |
We have developed and deployed a 3D Interferometer-type Lightning Mapping Array (InLMA) for observing winter lightning in Japan. InLMA consists of three broadband interferometers installed at three stations with a distance from 3 to 5 km. At each interferometer station, three discone antennas were installed, forming a right triangle with a separation of 75 m along their two orthogonal baselines. The output of each InLMA antenna is passed through a 400 MHz low-pass filter and then recorded at 1 GS/s with 16-bit accuracy. A new method has been proposed for finding 3D solutions of a lightning mapping system that consists of multiple interferometers. Using the InLMA, we have succeeded in mapping a positive cloud-to-ground (CG) lightning flash in winter, particularly its preliminary breakdown (PB) process. A study on individual PB pulse processes allows us to infer that each PB pulse process contains many small-scale discharges scattering in a height range of about 150 m. These small-scale discharges in a series of PB pulses appear to be continuous in space, though discontinuous in time. We have also examined the positive return stroke in the CG flash and found a 3D average return stroke speed of 7.5 × 107 m/s. |
| Databáze: |
Directory of Open Access Journals |
| Externí odkaz: |
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