Exogenous Vitamins K Exert Anti-Inflammatory Effects Dissociated from Their Role as Substrates for Synthesis of Endogenous MK-4 in Murine Macrophages Cell Line

Autor: Anna Kieronska-Rudek, Agnieszka Kij, Patrycja Kaczara, Anna Tworzydlo, Marek Napiorkowski, Katarzyna Sidoryk, Stefan Chlopicki
Jazyk: angličtina
Rok vydání: 2021
Předmět:
Zdroj: Cells, Vol 10, Iss 7, p 1571 (2021)
Druh dokumentu: article
ISSN: 10071571
2073-4409
DOI: 10.3390/cells10071571
Popis: Vitamins K exert a range of activities that extend far beyond coagulation and include anti-inflammatory effects, but the mechanisms involved in anti-inflammatory action remain unclear. In the present study, we showed that various forms of exogenous vitamins—K1, K3, K2 (MK-4, MK-5, MK-6 and MK-7)—regulated a wide scope of inflammatory pathways in murine macrophages in vitro, including NOS-2, COX-2, cytokines and MMPs. Moreover, we demonstrated for the first time that macrophages are able to synthesise endogenous MK-4 on their own. Vitamins with shorter isoprenoid chains—K1, K3 and MK-5—exhibited stronger anti-inflammatory potential than vitamins with longer isoprenoid chains (MK-6 and MK-7) and simultaneously were preferably used as a substrate for MK-4 endogenous production. Most interesting, atorvastatin pretreatment inhibited endogenous MK-4 production but had no impact on the anti-inflammatory activity of vitamins K. In summary, our results demonstrate that macrophages are able to synthesise endogenous MK-4 using exogenous vitamins K, and statin inhibits this process. However, the anti-inflammatory effect of exogenous vitamins K was independent of endogenous MK-4 synthesis.
Databáze: Directory of Open Access Journals
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