Kynurenines and Inflammation: A Remarkable Axis for Multiple Sclerosis Treatment

Autor: Paul Carrillo-Mora, Carlos Landa-Solís, David Valle-Garcia, Alexandra Luna-Angulo, Hamlet Avilés-Arnaut, Benjamín Robles-Bañuelos, Laura Sánchez-Chapul, Edgar Rangel-López
Jazyk: angličtina
Rok vydání: 2024
Předmět:
Zdroj: Pharmaceuticals, Vol 17, Iss 8, p 983 (2024)
Druh dokumentu: article
ISSN: 17080983
1424-8247
DOI: 10.3390/ph17080983
Popis: Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic inflammatory autoimmune neurological disease characterized by the recurrent appearance of demyelinating lesions and progressive disability. Currently, there are multiple disease-modifying treatments, however, there is a significant need to develop new therapeutic targets, especially for the progressive forms of the disease. This review article provides an overview of the most recent studies aimed at understanding the inflammatory processes that are activated in response to the accumulation of kynurenine pathway (KP) metabolites, which exacerbate an imbalance between immune system cells (e.g., Th1, Th2, and T reg) and promote the release of pro-inflammatory interleukins that modulate different mechanisms: membrane-receptors function; nuclear factors expression; and cellular signals. Together, these alterations trigger cell death mechanisms in brain cells and promote neuron loss and axon demyelination. This hypothesis could represent a remarkable approach for disease-modifying therapies for MS. Here, we also provide a perspective on the repositioning of some already approved drugs involved in other signaling pathways, which could represent new therapeutic strategies for MS treatment.
Databáze: Directory of Open Access Journals
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