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Beijing Plain is an important region for ecological planning and management. In the past decade, human activities have dramatically changed the spatial and landscape patterns of greenspaces in Beijing Plains. However, very few studies have assessed the main causative factors of these changes. Herein, we analyzed the spatial patterns of greenspaces in the Beijing Plains between 2015 and 2020 using multi-source remote sensing data, geographical information system, and the landscape pattern index. Additionally, we utilized gray correlation analysis to quantitatively analyze the main factors contributing to dynamic changes in the greenspace landscape patterns. We found that the greenspaces in Beijing showed a gradual increase annually from 2015 to 2020. Further, the conversion of greenspace types throughout the study period mainly included the interconversion of woodland and cropland, water, and impervious surfaces. The transfer out of woodlands has been decreasing annually while the transfer in has been increasing. Grassland and shrubs were almost entirely converted into woodlands and other land use types. The fragmentation of the overall greenspace reduced, aggregation increased, and landscape patches tended to be fully distributed, connected, simpler, concentrated, and regular. The advantages of woodland landscapes were gradually becoming more evident. Population urbanization, rapid economic growth, and policies were important factors affecting changes in greenspace landscape patterns. The study findings provide a scientific reference to adjust the greenspace structure, transform and upgrade the existing greenspaces, and ensure sustainable development of cities. |
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