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α-亚麻酸（ALA）是人体必需脂肪酸，在维持人体正常生理活动中具有多重作用。旨在确定ALA在食用油脂中的物质基础与其功能的构效关系，实现精准的膳食脂质营养，对6种富含ALA食用油脂的总脂肪酸组成、甘油三酯中脂肪酸的位置分布情况、甘油三酯分子构成、脂质伴随物和消化特性等研究内容进行了总结和分析。6种富含ALA食用油脂主要脂肪酸组成为棕榈酸、硬脂酸、油酸、亚油酸、ALA，其中：紫苏籽油、亚麻籽油和牡丹籽油的ALA含量较高；不同富含ALA食用油脂甘油三酯中脂肪酸的位置分布存在显著差异，蚕蛹油的ALA主要分布在sn-2位，牡丹籽油和火麻仁油的ALA主要分布在sn-1,3位；不同富含ALA食用油脂甘油三酯的分子结构类型存在显著差异；富含ALA食用油脂的脂质伴随物主要为维生素E和甾醇，其中沙棘籽油的维生素E和甾醇含量均高于其余5种食用油脂；富含ALA食用油脂的消化程度和消化速率均低于非富含ALA食用油脂。Alpha-linolenic acid (ALA) is an essential fatty acid, which plays multiple roles in maintaining normal physiological activities of human body. In order to determine the structural-activity relationship between the material basis of ALA in edible oils and its functions, and achieve accurate dietary lipid nutrition, the total fatty acid composition, location distribution of fatty acids in triglycerides, molecular composition of triglycerides, lipid concomitants, and digestive characteristics of 6 kinds of edible oils rich in ALA were summarized and analyzed. The main fatty acids of these edible oils were palmitic acid, stearic acid, oleic acid, linoleic acid and ALA, among which perilla seed oil, linseed oil and peony seed oil had higher ALA content. There were significant differences in the location distribution of fatty acids in triglycerides of edible oils rich in ALA. The ALA of silkworm chrysalis oil mainly distributed at sn-2 position, while the ALA of peony seed oil and hemp seed oil mainly distributed at sn-1 ， 3 position. The molecular structure types of triglycerides of these edible oils were significantly different. The main lipid concomitants were vitamin E and sterol, and the contents of vitamin E and sterol in sea buckthorn seed oil were higher than that of the other 5 edible oils. The degree and rate of digestion of ALA-rich edible oils were lower than those of non-ALA-rich edible oils. |
