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Biofilms are a bacterial community attached to inert or living surfaces, enveloped within a matrix of extracellular polymeric substances. This protection allows the growth and survival of bacteria in hostile environments and provides greater resistance and tolerance to antimicrobials and sanitizers. Given their propensity to form on diverse of surfaces, biofilms have significant impacts across multiple sectors, including healthcare and the industrial domains. Aiming at the development of strategies for the control and removal of bacterial biofilms, this work evaluated the impact of nineteen 2-arylidene indan-1,3-diones on both biofilm formation and preformed biofilms across various bacterial strains. The compounds exhibited a minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) higher than 160 µg/mL, with antibiofilm assays performed at a concentration of 100 µg/mL. Among the compounds tested, the most effective in inhibiting biofilm formation were Ap18 (2-(3,4-dimethoxybenzylidene)-1H-indene-1,3(2H)-dione) against S. aureus (66.2%), Ap28 (2-(3-hydroxybenzylidene)-1H-indene-1,3(2H)-dione) against S. epidermidis (82.2%), Ap3 (2-(4-nitrobenzylidene)-1H-indene-1,3(2H)-dione) against E. coli (54.3%), and Ap25 (2-(3-hydroxy-4-methoxybenzylidene)-1H-indene-1,3(2H)-dione) against P. aeruginosa (70.8%). After 6 h, Ap18 disrupted the preformed biofilm of E. coli by 53.5% but had weak activity on the preformed biofilms of the other bacteria. The viability of VERO cells when incubated with the compounds Ap8, Ap25, and Ap27 (2-(2-hydroxybenzylidene)-1H-indene-1,3(2H)-dione) was respectively 81.8%, 67.9% and 88.0%, showing their low toxicity. This is the first work that demonstrated the antibiofilm activity of 2-arylidene indan-1,3-diones. The results can be explored to support the synthesis of more effective and less cytotoxic compounds. |
