HPV and HCMV in Cervical Cancer: A Review of Their Co-Occurrence in Premalignant and Malignant Lesions

Autor: Rancés Blanco, Juan P. Muñoz
Jazyk: angličtina
Rok vydání: 2024
Předmět:
Zdroj: Viruses, Vol 16, Iss 11, p 1699 (2024)
Druh dokumentu: article
ISSN: 16111699
1999-4915
DOI: 10.3390/v16111699
Popis: Cervical cancer remains a significant global health concern, particularly in low- and middle-income countries. While persistent infection with high-risk human papillomavirus (HR-HPV) is essential for cervical cancer development, it is not sufficient on its own, suggesting the involvement of additional cofactors. The human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) is a widespread β-herpesvirus known for its ability to establish lifelong latency and reactivate under certain conditions, often contributing to chronic inflammation and immune modulation. Emerging evidence suggests that HCMV may play a role in various cancers, including cervical cancer, through its potential to influence oncogenic pathways and disrupt host immune responses. This review explores clinical evidence regarding the co-presence of HR-HPV and HCMV in premalignant lesions and cervical cancer. The literature reviewed indicates that HCMV is frequently detected in cervical lesions, particularly in those co-infected with HPV, suggesting a potential synergistic interaction that could enhance HPV’s oncogenic effects, thereby facilitating the progression from low-grade squamous intraepithelial lesions (LSIL) to high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesions (HSIL) and invasive cancer. Although the precise molecular mechanisms were not thoroughly investigated in this review, the clinical evidence suggests the importance of considering HCMV alongside HPV in the management of cervical lesions. A better understanding of the interaction between HR-HPV and HCMV may lead to improved diagnostic, therapeutic, and preventive strategies for cervical cancer.
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