Botulinum Neurotoxin Induces Neurotoxic Microglia Mediated by Exogenous Inflammatory Responses

Autor: Ghuncha Ambrin, You Jung Kang, Khanh Van Do, Charles Lee, Bal Ram Singh, Hansang Cho
Jazyk: angličtina
Rok vydání: 2024
Předmět:
Zdroj: Advanced Science, Vol 11, Iss 15, Pp n/a-n/a (2024)
Druh dokumentu: article
ISSN: 2198-3844
20230532
DOI: 10.1002/advs.202305326
Popis: Abstract Botulinum neurotoxin serotype A (BoNT/A) is widely used in therapeutics and cosmetics. The effects of multi‐dosed BoNT/A treatment are well documented on the peripheral nervous system (PNS), but much less is known on the central nervous system (CNS). Here, the mechanism of multi‐dosed BoNT/A leading to CNS neurodegeneration is explored by using the 3D human neuron‐glia model. BoNT/A treatment reduces acetylcholine, triggers astrocytic transforming growth factor beta, and upregulates C1q, C3, and C5 expression, inducing microglial proinflammation. The disintegration of the neuronal microtubules is escorted by microglial nitric oxide, interleukin 1β, tumor necrosis factor α, and interleukin 8. The microglial proinflammation eventually causes synaptic impairment, phosphorylated tau (pTau) aggregation, and the loss of the BoNT/A‐treated neurons. Taking a more holistic approach, the model will allow to assess therapeutics for the CNS neurodegeneration under the prolonged use of BoNT/A.
Databáze: Directory of Open Access Journals
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