Visualizing extracellular vesicle biogenesis in gram-positive bacteria using super-resolution microscopy

Autor: Dokyung Jeong, Min Jeong Kim, Yejin Park, Jinkyoung Chung, Hee-Seok Kweon, Nae-Gyu Kang, Seung Jin Hwang, Sung Hun Youn, Bo Kyoung Hwang, Doory Kim
Jazyk: angličtina
Rok vydání: 2022
Předmět:
Zdroj: BMC Biology, Vol 20, Iss 1, Pp 1-14 (2022)
Druh dokumentu: article
ISSN: 1741-7007
DOI: 10.1186/s12915-022-01472-3
Popis: Abstract Background Recently, bacterial extracellular vesicles (EVs) have been considered to play crucial roles in various biological processes and have great potential for developing cancer therapeutics and biomedicine. However, studies on bacterial EVs have mainly focused on outer membrane vesicles released from gram-negative bacteria since the outermost peptidoglycan layer in gram-positive bacteria is thought to preclude the release of EVs as a physical barrier. Results Here, we examined the ultrastructural organization of the EV produced by gram-positive bacteria using super-resolution stochastic optical reconstruction microscopy (STORM) at the nanoscale, which has not been resolved using conventional microscopy. Based on the super-resolution images of EVs, we propose three major mechanisms of EV biogenesis, i.e., membrane blebbing (mechanisms 1 and 2) or explosive cell lysis (mechanism 3), which are different from the mechanisms in gram-negative bacteria, despite some similarities. Conclusions These findings highlight the significant role of cell wall degradation in regulating various mechanisms of EV biogenesis and call for a reassessment of previously unresolved EV biogenesis in gram-positive bacteria.
Databáze: Directory of Open Access Journals
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