Geology of the world’s manganese deposits. Article 1. Production status and prospects
| Autor: | H. I. Rudko, V. E. Karly |
|---|---|
| Jazyk: | English<br />Russian<br />Ukrainian |
| Rok vydání: | 2022 |
| Předmět: | |
| Zdroj: | Мінеральні ресурси України, Iss 2, Pp 3-11 (2022) |
| Druh dokumentu: | article |
| ISSN: | 1682-721X 2707-8698 |
| DOI: | 10.31996/mru.2022.2.3-11 |
| Popis: | The USA considers manganese one of the most essential (critical) mineral commodities. More than 95% of total global reserves are located in 13 countries: South Africa, Ukraine, Kazakhstan, Gabon, Brazil, China, Australia, Bolivia, Georgia, Mexico, Bulgaria, Russia, and India. General geological characteristics of the world’s largest manganese deposits have been provided in the article. The largest sedimentary manganese deposits without iron enrichment have been briefly described (Molango in Mexico, Groote Eylandt in Australia, deposits in the Black Sea region and many deposits in China). Supergene secondary enrichment deposits, which are enriched in manganese under the influence of secondary near-surface processes, and volcanogenic deposits of manganese ores, which constitute a significant group united by gradual transitions from actually sedimentary to subvolcanic and hydrothermal rocks, contain the richest ores. Deposits of the Black Sea region (Obrochishte in Bulgaria, Nikopol manganese ore basin in Ukraine, Chiatura in Georgia) are associated with coastal and lagoonal Oligocene sediments. Currently, the global resource base is sufficient to meet demands for several decades, however, dozens of new projects are underway to explore and develop manganese ore mines. These works indicate a constant need for manganese exploration worldwide. Almost all of these new mines are located in previously known areas, and it is likely that this situation will remain in the foreseeable future. Exploration methods include geological surveys of the surface and exploratory drilling, and in some cases geophysical methods. Remote sensing techniques, including satellite imaging, aerial geophysical surveys, and hyperspectral mapping, can be effective search tools. The emergence of cost-effective offshore mining can significantly alter the current scenario of manganese supply. |
| Databáze: | Directory of Open Access Journals |
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