| Popis: |
The increasing global food demand has led to a significant rise in food packaging (FP), including the use of complex materials like multi-material packaging (MMP). Producers often prioritize product packaging durability over ecological considerations, which contribute to environmental pollution. While the concept of eco-modulation (EM) within Extended Producer Responsibility (EPR) frameworks has gained traction, a comprehensive model capable of guiding FP design for optimal environmental impact remains elusive. Prioritizing mechanical recycling over other end-of-life options can often lead to negative environmental and economic consequences. Also, there is a lack of knowledge on the effect of food packing designs on the sustainability dimensions encompassing economic, environmental and social (EES) aspects of the waste management system. Therefore, to mitigate the environmental consequences of FP waste, a holistic approach is required. This research introduces a novel approach that utilizes fuzzy qualitative indicators on economic, environmental and social (EES) aspects of the waste management system such as production cost indicator, recycling cost indicator, landfill emission indicator, and producer incentive indicators to promote sustainable FP waste management practices. The fuzzy qualitative indicators offer crucial contextual information that enriches decision-making processes. Rule-based design decisions through fuzzy logic (FL) intelligent models facilitate the development of eco-friendly packaging. The study further explores the environmental implications of FP waste, focusing on the challenges associated with multilayer designs and their impact on recycling. Additionally, the research aims to engage policymakers in developing and implementing green packaging design initiatives to improve the environmental impact of packaging waste. |
