Wastewater Surveillance in Europe for Non-Polio Enteroviruses and Beyond

Autor: Laura Bubba, Kimberley S. M. Benschop, Soile Blomqvist, Erwin Duizer, Javier Martin, Alexander G. Shaw, Jean-Luc Bailly, Lasse D. Rasmussen, Anda Baicus, Thea K. Fischer, Heli Harvala
Jazyk: angličtina
Rok vydání: 2023
Předmět:
Zdroj: Microorganisms, Vol 11, Iss 10, p 2496 (2023)
Druh dokumentu: article
ISSN: 2076-2607
DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms11102496
Popis: Wastewater surveillance (WWS) was developed in the early 1960s for the detection of poliovirus (PV) circulation in the population. It has been used to monitor several pathogens, including non-polio enteroviruses (NPEVs), which are increasingly recognised as causes of morbidity in children. However, when applying WWS to a new pathogen, it is important to consider the purpose of such a study as well as the suitability of the chosen methodology. With this purpose, the European Non-Polio Enterovirus Network (ENPEN) organised an expert webinar to discuss its history, methods, and applications; its evolution from a culture-based method to molecular detection; and future implementation of next generation sequencing (NGS). The first simulation experiments with PV calculated that a 400 mL sewage sample is sufficient for the detection of viral particles if 1:10,000 people excrete poliovirus in a population of 700,000 people. If the method is applied correctly, several NPEV types are detected. Despite culture-based methods remaining the gold standard for WWS, direct methods followed by molecular-based and sequence-based assays have been developed, not only for enterovirus but for several pathogens. Along with case-based sentinel and/or syndromic surveillance, WWS for NPEV and other pathogens represents an inexpensive, flexible, anonymised, reliable, population-based tool for monitoring outbreaks and the (re)emergence of these virus types/strains within the general population.
Databáze: Directory of Open Access Journals