| Autor: |
David Janke, Qianying Yi, Lars Thormann, Sabrina Hempel, Barbara Amon, Štěpán Nosek, Philippe van Overbeke, Thomas Amon |
| Jazyk: |
angličtina |
| Rok vydání: |
2020 |
| Předmět: |
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| Zdroj: |
Sensors, Vol 20, Iss 21, p 6223 (2020) |
| Druh dokumentu: |
article |
| ISSN: |
1424-8220 |
| DOI: |
10.3390/s20216223 |
| Popis: |
The direct measurement of emissions from naturally ventilated dairy barns is challenging due to their large openings and the turbulent and unsteady airflow at the inlets and outlets. The aim of this study was to quantify the impacts of the number and positions of sensors on the estimation of volume flow rate and emissions. High resolution measurements of a naturally ventilated scaled building model in an atmospheric boundary layer wind tunnel were done. Tracer gas was released inside the model and measured at the outlet area, using a fast flame ionization detector (FFID). Additionally, the normal velocity on the area was measured using laser Doppler anemometry (LDA). In total, for a matrix of 65 × 4 sensor positions, the mean normal velocities and the mean concentrations were measured and used to calculate the volume flow rate and the emissions. This dataset was used as a reference to assess the accuracy while systematically reducing the number of sensors and varying the positions of them. The results showed systematic errors in the emission estimation up to +97%, when measurements of concentration and velocity were done at one constant height. This error could be lowered under 5%, when the concentrations were measured as a vertical composite sample. |
| Databáze: |
Directory of Open Access Journals |
| Externí odkaz: |
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