Self-esteem, Optimism and Resilience in Children Living in Poverty
| Autor: | Norma Ivonne González Arratia López Fuentes |
|---|---|
| Jazyk: | Spanish; Castilian |
| Rok vydání: | 2018 |
| Předmět: | |
| Zdroj: | Revista Internacional de Psicología, Vol 16, Iss 01, Pp 1-119 (2018) |
| Druh dokumentu: | article |
| ISSN: | 1818-1023 18181023 |
| DOI: | 10.33670/18181023.v16i01.261 |
| Popis: | Poverty is a relevant economic and social issue. It’s associated with risk factors that impact, especially among children, the physical and psychological development. In turn, poverty increases inequalities. Moreover, there is empirical evidence pointing out a positive association between self-esteem, optimism and resilience among adults living in extreme poverty. However, there is a lack of evidence of this association among children. Hence, are self-esteem and optimism associated with resilience in children living in poverty? In this study, resilience was operationalized in terms of internal protective factor (PFI), external protective factor (PFE) and empathy (FE). Likewise, self-esteem is understood in terms of: the self (YO), family (FAM), failure (FRA), intellectual work (TI), success (EXITO) and affective-emotional (AEM). Furthermore, optimism was operationalized regarding the following aspects: dispositional (OD) and situational (OS). This is a cross-sectional non-experimental correlational study. We sampled 188 participants. The sample consisted of 38.3% males (n = 72) and 61.7% females (n = 116) between 9 and 12 years old (M = 10.59 years, SD = .69). The participants were studying in public elementary schools in impoverished rural areas. We used three Likert scales: 1) the Self-esteem Scale, 2) The Optimism Scale and 3) the Resilience Scale. We carried out a local validation study of the scales through exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses. Likewise, we hypothesized a structural equation model to assess the associations among the main constructs. The findings showed that four out of six aspects loaded in the self-esteem construct, two in optimism and three in resilience. The goodness of fit indices pointed out that the hypothesized structural model was acceptable. As expected, the structural model pointed out that self-esteem and optimism have a direct effect on resilience. Nonetheless, optimism had a higher effect on resilience compared to self-esteem. We conclude that additional empirical evidence is required to support the model. We suggest sampling more participants and adding familial and contextual factors to the model. Thus, it’d possible to assess the effects of protective factors in the model. In addition, the results are useful to add in intervention programs for children living in poverty with the aim of improving their well-being |
| Databáze: | Directory of Open Access Journals |
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