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Spinal cord injury (SCI) is a cause for significant morbidity, often resulting in long-term disability. We compared outcomes after administration of granulocyte-colony stimulating factor (G-CSF) versus controls. MEDLINE, Embase, and Cochrane Library database searches yielded 222 records; six met study inclusion criteria. Fixed-effect and random-effects models were used to establish odds ratios (ORs) and mean difference (MD) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for each outcome. The results of the pooled analysis showed that in patients with incomplete SCI, G-CSF resulted in increased American Spinal Cord Injury Association (ASIA) motor scores at 3 months (MD?=?0.57 [95% CI?=?0.04, 1.10], I2?=?63.84%, p?=?0.036), 6 months (MD?=?4.18 [95% CI?=?0.55, 7.80], I2?=?98.75%, p?=?0.024), change in ASIA pinprick scores at 6 months (MD?=?3.38 [95% CI?=?1.48, 5.28], I2?=?89.78%, p?0.001), and increased Spinal Cord Independence Measure (SCIM) III score at 6 months (MD?=?3.27 [95% CI?=?1.13, 5.41], I2?=?91.86%, p?=?0.003). G-CSF resulted in more adverse events than the non-MP control groups (OR?=?1.44 [95% CI?=?0.38, 2.50], I2?=?0%, p?=?0.008), but fewer than the MP control groups (OR?=??4.2 [95% CI?=??5.72, ?2.68], I2?=?0%, p?
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