Hydrogeochemical characterization and human health risks associated with groundwater nitrate concentrations in the Saiss basin, Morocco

Autor: Abdelhakim Lahjouj, Abdellah El Hmaidi, Hafid Achtak, Chafik Nakhcha, Karima Bouhafa
Jazyk: angličtina
Rok vydání: 2025
Předmět:
Zdroj: HydroResearch, Vol 8, Iss , Pp 223-236 (2025)
Druh dokumentu: article
ISSN: 2589-7578
DOI: 10.1016/j.hydres.2024.11.006
Popis: Groundwater has been facing not only prolonged climate change-induced groundwater shortage but also severe deterioration of groundwater quality from natural and/or anthropogenic sources. This study aims to determine the hydrogeochemical processes controlling groundwater chemistry in the Saiss basin, Morocco, and to assess seasonal changes in groundwater quality using the entropy-weighted water quality index (EWQI). In addition, human health risks associated with groundwater nitrate (NO3−) contamination/pollution were investigated using the hazard quotient (HQ). Groundwater chemistry in the Saiss basin was mainly controlled by mineral dissolution/precipitation and direct cation exchange, with slight seasonal variations in the saturation indices (SIs). The EWQI suggested slight groundwater quality deterioration in the dry season due to increased NO3− concentrations. In fact, children were over two times exposed to non-carcinogenic issues associated with groundwater NO3− concentrations when compared with adults. The current study provides further insights into the hydrogeochemical characteristics of groundwater to ensure safe regional water supplies.
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