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Bayan H Sajer,1,2 Wafa A Alshehri,3 Sahar S Alghamdi,4,5 Rasha S Suliman,6 Alhanouf Albejad,3 Haifa Hakmi3 1Biology Department, Faculty of Science, King Abdul Aziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia; 2Immunology Unit, King Fahd Medical Research Centre, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia; 3Department of Biological Sciences, College of Science, University of Jeddah, Jeddah, 23890, Saudi Arabia; 4Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of PharmacyKing Saud Bin Abdul Aziz University for Health Sciences (KSAU-HS), Riyadh, Saudi Arabia; 5King Abdullah International Medical Research Center, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia; 6Pharmacy department, Fatima College of health sciences, Abu Dhabi, United Arab EmiratesCorrespondence: Bayan H Sajer, King Abdul Aziz University, P.O. Box 80200, Jeddah, 21589, Saudi Arabia, Email bsajer@kau.edu.saIntroduction: This study aimed to investigate the fungal growth and diversity in the Sabkha marsh. The anti-bacterial properties of the isolated fungi were assessed using an agar disk diffusion assay, and the crude extracts were tested for their anticancer activities. Liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry was employed to identify the active compounds of the fungal secondary metabolites. In-silico studies were conducted to predict the toxicity, pharmacokinetic properties, and safety profiles of the identified compounds.Results: The analysis revealed that the isolated fungi belonged to the Aspergillus species, specifically Aspergillus flavus and Aspergillus niger. The crude extract of A. flavus exhibited significant anticancer activity against various cancer cell lines, while the antifungal activities against pathogenic bacteria varied between the two fungi. Liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry analysis identified several compounds in the fungal isolates. In Aspergillus flavus, the compounds included Aflavinine, Dihydro-24-hydroxyaflavinine, Phomaligin A, Hydroxysydonic acid, Gregatin B, Pulvinulin A, Chrysogine, Aspergillic acid, Aflatoxin B1, and Aflatoxin G1. In Aspergillus niger, the compounds identified were atromentin, fonsecin B, firalenone, rubrofusarin, aurasperone E, aurasperone D, aurasperone C, nigerone, and αβ-dehydrocurvularin.Conclusion: This study demonstrated promising fungal growth and diversity in the Sabkha marsh, with Aspergillus species being the most prevalent. The fungal crude extract showed anticancer activities against various cancer cell lines, while the antifungal activities against pathogenic bacteria varied between the two fungi. Future research should focus on investigating the antimicrobial activities of these fungi against multidrug-resistant bacteria and exploring the genetic changes in bacteria and cancer cells treated with these fungal extracts. Additionally, it is important to test the anticancer activity of the active compounds separately to determine which one is the active agent against cancer cells. This information can be used in drug development trials. Keywords: saline environment, biological activity, Aspergillus genus, microbial isolation, antimicrobial screening |
