Temporal and coevolutionary analyses reveal the events driving the emergence and circulation of human mamastroviruses
| Autor: | Lester J. Perez, Kenn Forberg, Gavin A. Cloherty, Michael G. Berg |
|---|---|
| Jazyk: | angličtina |
| Rok vydání: | 2023 |
| Předmět: | |
| Zdroj: | Emerging Microbes and Infections, Vol 12, Iss 1 (2023) |
| Druh dokumentu: | article |
| ISSN: | 22221751 2222-1751 |
| DOI: | 10.1080/22221751.2023.2217942 |
| Popis: | ABSTRACTCharacterized by high genetic diversity, broad host range, and resistance to adverse conditions, coupled with recent reports of neurotropic astroviruses circulating in humans, mamastroviruses pose a threat to public health. The current astrovirus classification system based on host source prevents determining whether strains with distinct tropism or virulence are emerging. By using integrated phylogeny, we propose a standardized demarcation of species and genotypes, with reproducible cut-off values that reconcile the pairwise sequence distribution, genetic distances between lineages, and the topological reconstruction of the Mamastrovirus genus. We further define the various links established by co-evolution and resolve the dynamics of transmission chains to identify host-jump events and the sources from which different mamastrovirus species circulating in humans have emerged. We observed that recombination is relatively infrequent and restricted to within genotypes. The well-known “human” astrovirus, defined here as mamastrovirus species 7, has co-speciated with humans, while there have been two additional host-jumps into humans from distinct hosts. Newly defined species 6 genotype 2, linked to severe gastroenteritis in children, resulted from a marmot to human jump taking place ∼200 years ago while species 6 genotype 7 (MastV-Sp6Gt7), linked to neurological disease in immunocompromised patients, jumped from bovines only ∼50 years ago. Through demographic reconstruction, we determined that the latter reached coalescent viral population growth only 20 years ago and is evolving at a much higher evolutionary rate than other genotypes infecting humans. This study constitutes mounting evidence of MastV-Sp6Gt7 active circulation and highlights the need for diagnostics capable of detecting it. |
| Databáze: | Directory of Open Access Journals |
| Externí odkaz: |
|