Adipose tissue immunometabolism: unveiling the intersection of metabolic and immune regulation

Autor: Aida X. Medina-Urrutia, Iván Torre-Villalvazo, Juan G. Juárez-Rojas
Jazyk: angličtina
Rok vydání: 2024
Předmět:
Zdroj: Revista de Investigación Clínica, Vol 76, Iss 2 (2024)
Druh dokumentu: article
ISSN: 0034-8376
2564-8896
DOI: 10.24875/RIC.23000231
Popis: Excess body weight has become a global epidemic and a significant risk factor for developing chronic diseases, which are the leading causes of worldwide morbidities. Adipose tissue (AT), primarily composed of adipocytes, stores substantial amounts of energy and plays a crucial role in maintaining whole-body glucose and lipid metabolism. This helps prevent excessive body fat accumulation and lipotoxicity in peripheral tissues. In addition, AT contains endothelial cells and a substantial population of immune cells (constituting 60-70% of non-adipocyte cells), including macrophages, T and B lymphocytes, and natural killer cells. These resident immune cells engage in crosstalk with adipocytes, contributing to the maintenance of metabolic and immune homeostasis in AT. An exacerbated inflammatory response or inadequate immune resolution can lead to chronic systemic lowgrade inflammation, triggering the development of metabolic alterations and the onset of chronic diseases. This review aims to elucidate the regulatory mechanisms through which immune cells influence AT function and energy homeostasis. We also focus on the interactions and functional dynamics of immune cell populations, highlighting their role in maintaining the delicate balance between metabolic health and obesity-related inflammation. Finally, understanding immunometabolism is crucial for unraveling the pathogenesis of metabolic diseases and developing targeted immunotherapeutic strategies. These strategies may offer innovative avenues in the rapidly evolving field of immunometabolism.
Databáze: Directory of Open Access Journals
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