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BackgroundUnobtrusive observation is a promising method for assessing physical activity and other well-being behaviors (eg, social interactions) in urban environments, without participant burden and biases associated with self-report. However, current methods require multiple in-person observers. Using video cameras instead could allow for more accurate observations at lower cost and with greater flexibility in scheduling. ObjectiveThis research aimed to test the feasibility of using stationary wireless video cameras to observe physical activity and other well-being behaviors, and to assess its reliability and potential participant reactivity. MethodsAcross 3 cross-sectional studies, 148 hours of video recordings were collected from 6 outdoor public spaces in Manchester, United Kingdom. The videos were coded by 3 researchers using MOHAWk (Method for Observing Physical Activity and Wellbeing)—a validated in-person observation tool for assessing physical activity, social interactions, and people taking notice of the environment. Inter- and intrarater reliabilities were assessed using intraclass correlation coefficients (ICCs). Intercept surveys were conducted to assess public awareness of the cameras and whether they altered their behavior due to the presence of cameras. ResultsThe 148 hours of video recordings were coded in 85 hours. Interrater reliability between independent coders was mostly “excellent” (ICCs>0.90; n=36), with a small number of “good” (ICCs>0.75; n=2), “moderate” (ICCs=0.5-0.75; n=3), or “poor” (ICCs |
