| Popis: |
Tequila vinasses is a mixture made from up to six still distillation two-stage process residual effluents. First stage fractions: residual must (60%), heads (0.9%) and tails (20.0%); second stage fractions: non-evaporated (8.0%), heads (0.1%) and tails (1.0%); the result is a more complex effluent for its treatment or biorefining. The objectives of this study were to: (a) characterize the five still distillation volatile streams in the Tequila 100% Agave processing; compounds: methanol, ethanol, acetaldehyde, ethyl acetate, sec-butanol, n-propanol, iso-butanol, n-butanol, iso-amyl, n-amyl, and ethyl lactate were detected by gas chromatography; calculated chemical oxygen demand from chemical composition had very high values (53,760–1,239,220 mg/L); measurement of pH (3.24–4.80), color (38.6 UC Pt-Co max), turbidity (46.1 max), electrical conductivity (3.30–172.20 μS/cm), and solid content (0 mg/L) was also made; (b) report an energy analysis (2.02 × 109 KWh) and CO2 production (429 × 106 kg) in the Tequila industry during 2019; (c) up to date residues (365.2 × 106 kg agave bagasse, 1146.1 × 106 kg agave leaves and 3300.0 × 106 L agave vinasse) in 2019; (d) economic analysis, current tequila vinasses treatment price is 16.00 USD/m3 but could reach a considerable fraction value if is bio-refined, a break down component analysis reach for five volatile streams $51.23–$140.00 USD/m3. |
