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Abstract Background Splenic switch-off (SSO) is a marker of adequate adenosine-induced vasodilatation on cardiac magnetic resonance perfusion imaging. We evaluate the feasibility of quantitative assessment of SSO in myocardial positron emission tomography (PET) perfusion imaging using [15O]H2O. Methods Thirty patients underwent [15O]H2O PET perfusion with adenosine stress. Time-activity curves, as averaged standardized uptake values (SUV avg ), were extracted from dynamic PET for spleen and liver. Maximum SUV avg , stress and rest spleen-to-liver ratio (SLR), and the splenic activity concentration ratio (SAR) were computed. Optimal cut-off values for SSO assessment were estimated from receiver operating characteristics (ROC) curve for maximum SUV avg and SLR. Also, differences between coronary artery disease, myocardial ischemia, beta-blockers, and diabetes were assessed. Data are presented as median [interquartile range]. Results In concordance with the SSO phenomenon, both the spleen maximum SUV avg and SLR were lower in adenosine stress when compared to rest perfusion (8.1 [6.5, 9.2] versus 16.4 [13.4, 19.0], p |