Spectrum of Non-Motor Symptoms in Parkinson’s Disease — a Review
| Autor: | Syed Zohair Husain Rizvi, Vikram Palimar, Chandni Gupta, Lydia S. Andrade |
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| Jazyk: | English<br />Russian |
| Rok vydání: | 2024 |
| Předmět: | |
| Zdroj: | Анналы клинической и экспериментальной неврологии, Vol 18, Iss 3, Pp 72-80 (2024) |
| Druh dokumentu: | article |
| ISSN: | 2075-5473 2409-2533 |
| DOI: | 10.17816/ACEN.1001 |
| Popis: | Motor and non-motor symptoms of Parkinson’s disease (PD) and their management have been evaluated in numerous studies. Four classical symptoms, including bradykinesia, tremor, rigidity, and postural abnormalities, are used to establish a clinical diagnosis of PD. However, this research is aimed at exploring the range of non-motor symptoms with an emphasis upon their ability to affect the patients with PD and their quality of life. With a slow onset of the known symptoms like tremor or rhythmic shaking of limbs called “pill-rolling tremor”, slowed movement (bradykinesia), muscle rigidity, stooped and altered posture, loss of the ability to blink or smile, and various speech and writing changes; the disease takes a leap into the non-motor symptoms like dementia, drooling, swallowing issues, difficulty urinating, and constipation. The dopaminergic pathophysiology of PD explains the anxiety, slowness of thought, fatigue, and dysphoria. Knowing the non-motor symptoms is crucial to help the clinician to make early diagnosis and to better understand the prognosis of the spectrum of this disease. |
| Databáze: | Directory of Open Access Journals |
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