In Situ Assessment of Uplink Duty Cycles for 4G and 5G Wireless Communications

Autor:	Günter Vermeeren, Leen Verloock, Sam Aerts, Luc Martens, Wout Joseph
Jazyk:	angličtina
Rok vydání:	2024
Předmět:	5G NR EMF exposure duty cycle uplink smartphone Chemical technology TP1-1185
Zdroj:	Sensors, Vol 24, Iss 10, p 3012 (2024)
Druh dokumentu:	article
ISSN:	24103012 1424-8220
DOI:	10.3390/s24103012
Popis:	In this presented study, we measured in situ the uplink duty cycles of a smartphone for 5G NR and 4G LTE for a total of six use cases covering voice, video, and data applications. The duty cycles were assessed at ten positions near a 4G and 5G base-station site in Belgium. For Twitch, VoLTE, and WhatsApp, the duty cycles ranged between 4% and 22% in time, both for 4G and 5G. For 5G NR, these duty cycles resulted in a higher UL-allotted time due to time division duplexing at the 3.7 GHz frequency band. Ping showed median duty cycles of 2% for 5G NR and 50% for 4G LTE. FTP upload and iPerf resulted in duty cycles close to 100%.
Databáze:	Directory of Open Access Journals
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