Mitochondrial DNA mutations in ageing and cancer

Autor: Anna L. M. Smith, Julia C. Whitehall, Laura C. Greaves
Jazyk: angličtina
Rok vydání: 2022
Předmět:
Zdroj: Molecular Oncology, Vol 16, Iss 18, Pp 3276-3294 (2022)
Druh dokumentu: article
ISSN: 1878-0261
1574-7891
DOI: 10.1002/1878-0261.13291
Popis: Advancing age is a major risk factor for malignant transformation and the development of cancer. As such, over 50% of neoplasms occur in individuals over the age of 70. The pathologies of both ageing and cancer have been characterized by respective groups of molecular hallmarks, and while some features are divergent between the two pathologies, several are shared. Perturbed mitochondrial function is one such common hallmark, and this observation therefore suggests that mitochondrial alterations may be of significance in age‐related cancer development. There is now considerable evidence documenting the accumulation of somatic mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) mutations in ageing human postmitotic and replicative tissues. Similarly, mutations of the mitochondrial genome have been reported in human cancers for decades. The plethora of functions in which mitochondria partake, such as oxidative phosphorylation, redox balance, apoptosis and numerous biosynthetic pathways, manifests a variety of ways in which alterations in mtDNA may contribute to tumour growth. However, the specific mechanisms by which mtDNA mutations contribute to tumour progression remain elusive and often contradictory. This review aims to consolidate current knowledge and describe future direction within the field.
Databáze: Directory of Open Access Journals
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