HIV and SARS-CoV-2 Coinfections in Brazil in 2020: Epidemiological, Sociodemographic, and Clinical Characteristics of 36,746 Cases

Autor: Flavia Kelli Alvarenga Pinto, Ronaldo de Almeida Coelho, Elizabeth Moreira Klein, Gerson Fernando Mendes Pereira, Beatriz Gilda Jegerhorn Grinsztejn, Marcos Amaku
Jazyk: angličtina
Rok vydání: 2024
Předmět:
Zdroj: Revista da Sociedade Brasileira de Medicina Tropical, Vol 57 (2024)
Druh dokumentu: article
ISSN: 1678-9849
0037-8682
DOI: 10.1590/0037-8682-0126-2024
Popis: ABSTRACT Background: This study aimed to identify COVID-19 cases among people living with HIV (PLWH) in Brazil in 2020, describe their clinical, sociodemographic, and epidemiological profiles, and evaluate the factors associated with disease severity. Methods: This cross-sectional study used secondary data obtained from the Brazilian healthcare system. Probabilistic and deterministic data linkage methods were used to identify coinfected patients. Descriptive statistical analysis was conducted, and factors associated with severe cases were evaluated using Pearson's chi-squared test, Student's t-test, and logistic regression. Results: In 2020, 36,746 coinfections were identified, making it one of the largest coinfection databases described worldwide. In total, 4,502 (12.25%) patients had severe cases and 32,244 (87.75%) had non-severe cases. The covariates age (OR=1.05; 95% CI: 1.05-1.06), nonwhite ethnicity (OR=1.68; 95% CI: 1.56-1.81), history of AIDS diagnosis (OR=1.17; 95% CI: 1.08-1.28), recent HIV diagnosis (OR=5.47; 95% CI: 4.25-7.02), absence of antiretroviral therapy (OR=1.70; 95% CI: 1.57-1.84), CD4+ < 200 (OR=6.41; 95% CI: 5.09-8.08), detectable HIV viral load (OR=2.61; 95% CI: 2.21-3.05), ≥ 1 comorbidity (OR=4.09; 95% CI: 3.79-4.41), and ≥ 4 symptoms were associated with increased severity. Conclusions: Multiple factors were linked to severe COVID-19, including uncontrolled HIV infection, age > 50 years, comorbidities, and racial disparities. This study reinforces the importance of maintaining public policies focused on early HIV diagnosis, access and adherence to treatment, especially for minority ethnic groups, and focusing on premature aging in PLWH.
Databáze: Directory of Open Access Journals
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