Folate Receptor Alpha—A Novel Approach to Cancer Therapy

Autor: Teresita Gonzalez, Meri Muminovic, Olger Nano, Michel Vulfovich
Jazyk: angličtina
Rok vydání: 2024
Předmět:
Zdroj: International Journal of Molecular Sciences, Vol 25, Iss 2, p 1046 (2024)
Druh dokumentu: article
ISSN: 1422-0067
1661-6596
DOI: 10.3390/ijms25021046
Popis: Folate receptor α (FR) was discovered many decades ago, along with drugs that target intracellular folate metabolism, such as pemetrexed and methotrexate. Folate is taken up by the cell via this receptor, which also targeted by many cancer agents due to the over-expression of the receptor by cancer cells. FR is a membrane-bound glycosyl-phosphatidylinositol (GPI) anchor glycoprotein encoded by the folate receptor 1 (FOLR1) gene. FR plays a significant role in DNA synthesis, cell proliferation, DNA repair, and intracellular signaling, all of which are essential for tumorigenesis. FR is more prevalent in cancer cells compared to normal tissues, which makes it an excellent target for oncologic therapeutics. FRα is found in many cancer types, including ovarian cancer, non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC), and colon cancer. FR is widely used in antibody drug conjugates, small-molecule-drug conjugates, and chimeric antigen-receptor T cells. Current oncolytic therapeutics include mirvetuximab soravtansine, and ongoing clinical trials are underway to investigate chimeric antigen receptor T cells (CAR-T cells) and vaccines. Additionally, FRα has been used in a myriad of other applications, including as a tool in the identification of tumor types, and as a prognostic marker, as a surrogate of chemotherapy resistance. As such, FRα identification has become an essential part of precision medicine.
Databáze: Directory of Open Access Journals
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