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Zakieh I Al-Kurdi,1,2 Babur Z Chowdhry,2 Stephen A Leharne,2 Nidal A Qinna,3 Mahmoud MH Al Omari,1 Adnan A Badwan1 1The Jordanian Pharmaceutical Manufacturing Company (PLC), Naor, Jordan; 2Faculty of Engineering and Science, University of Greenwich, Medway Campus, Kent, UK; 3Department of Pharmacology and Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy and Medical Sciences, University of Petra, Amman, Jordan Abstract: The aim of the work reported herein was to study the effect of glucosamine HCl (GlcN·HCl) on the bioactivity (BA) of insulin, administered via subcutaneous (SC) and oral routes, in adult male Sprague Dawley rats. The oral insulin delivery system (insulin–chitosan reverse micelle [IC-RM]) was prepared by solubilizing insulin–chitosan (13 kDa) polyelectrolyte complex in a RM system consisting of oleic acid, PEG-8 caprylic/capric glycerides, and polyglycerol-6-dioleate. The BA of insulin in vivo was evaluated by measuring blood glucose level using a blood glucose meter; the results revealed that the extent of hypoglycemic activity of SC insulin was GlcN·HCl dose dependent when they were administered simultaneously. A significant reduction in blood glucose levels (P |
