Autoimmune Responses in Oncology: Causes and Significance

Autor: Halin Bareke, Pablo Juanes-Velasco, Alicia Landeira-Viñuela, Angela-Patricia Hernandez, Juan Jesús Cruz, Lorena Bellido, Emilio Fonseca, Alfonssina Niebla-Cárdenas, Enrique Montalvillo, Rafael Góngora, Manuel Fuentes
Jazyk: angličtina
Rok vydání: 2021
Předmět:
Zdroj: International Journal of Molecular Sciences, Vol 22, Iss 15, p 8030 (2021)
Druh dokumentu: article
ISSN: 22158030
1422-0067
1661-6596
DOI: 10.3390/ijms22158030
Popis: Specific anti-tumor immune responses have proven to be pivotal in shaping tumorigenesis and tumor progression in solid cancers. These responses can also be of an autoimmune nature, and autoantibodies can sometimes be present even before the onset of clinically overt disease. Autoantibodies can be generated due to mutated gene products, aberrant expression and post-transcriptional modification of proteins, a pro-immunogenic milieu, anti-cancer treatments, cross-reactivity of tumor-specific lymphocytes, epitope spreading, and microbiota-related and genetic factors. Understanding these responses has implications for both basic and clinical immunology. Autoantibodies in solid cancers can be used for early detection of cancer as well as for biomarkers of prognosis and treatment response. High-throughput techniques such as protein microarrays make parallel detection of multiple autoantibodies for increased specificity and sensitivity feasible, affordable, and quick. Cancer immunotherapy has revolutionized cancer treatments and has made a considerable impact on reducing cancer-associated morbidity and mortality. However, immunotherapeutic interventions such as immune checkpoint inhibition can induce immune-related toxicities, which can even be life-threatening. Uncovering the reasons for treatment-induced autoimmunity can lead to fine-tuning of cancer immunotherapy approaches to evade toxic events while inducing an effective anti-tumor immune response.
Databáze: Directory of Open Access Journals
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