Comparison of the yield of two tuberculosis screening approaches among household contacts in a community setting of Silti Zone, Central Ethiopia: a prospective cohort study

Autor: Habtamu Milkias Wolde, Betselot Zerihun, Waganeh Sinshaw, Delenasaw Yewhalaw, Gemeda Abebe
Jazyk: angličtina
Rok vydání: 2024
Předmět:
Zdroj: BMC Pulmonary Medicine, Vol 24, Iss 1, Pp 1-12 (2024)
Druh dokumentu: article
ISSN: 1471-2466
66687268
DOI: 10.1186/s12890-024-02950-w
Popis: Abstract Background Household contacts of tuberculosis (TB) patients are at a greater risk of infection and developing TB as well. Despite recommendations to actively screen such high-risk groups for TB, it is poorly implemented in Ethiopia. A community-based household contact screening was conducted to compare the yield of two different screening approaches and to identify factors associated with TB occurrence. Methods Smear-positive pulmonary TB index cases from six health facilities in six districts of Silti Zone were identified and enrolled prospectively between September 2020 and December 2022. Trained healthcare workers conducted house visits to screen household contacts for TB. WHO (World Health Organization) recommended symptom-based screening algorithms were used. The yield of screening was compared between a two-time screening at study site I and a single baseline screening at study site II, which is the current programmatic approach. Generalized estimating equation was used to run multivariate logistic regression to identify factors associated with TB occurrence. Results A total of 387 index TB cases (193 at site I and 194 at site II) with 1,276 eligible contacts were included for analysis. The TB yield of repeat screening approach did not show a significant difference compared to a single screening (2.3% at site I vs. 1.1% at site II, p
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