| Popis: |
The article presents construction systems and material solutions used in masonry construction, both in European countries and in a broader geographical context covering other continents. Due to the very wide scope of this problem, is presented in necessity in an abbreviated form, the general directions of development and changes in the systems of masonry structures in historical terms, depending on the climatic conditions prevailing in given areas and the development of societies and the level of their economy. Referring to the current state, i.e. the end of the 20th and the beginning of the 21st century, the material and construction solutions most frequently used in various countries with variable climatic requirements and various dominant loads, including seismic ones, were presented. An attempt was also made, to the extent possible, to outline future directions of changes and development of masonry construction in the coming decades, taking into account the principles of the circular economy and sustainable development, as well as reduction of CO2 emissions and maximum use of natural (bio-based materials) and recycled raw materials. |
