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Abstract Background This study aims to improve nursing students’ ability to care for critically ill patients through education in extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) nursing. Methods This study developed a virtual reality (VR) simulation program for the five-step ECMO nursing of the Analysis, Design, Development, Implement, and Evaluation (ADDIE) model and used an equivalent control group pre-test and post-test no-synchronized design to verify the effect. The participants of this study were fourth-year nursing students enrolled in nursing departments at three universities in Seoul, Gangwon, and Gyeonggi in South Korea; it included 66 participants, 33 in each of the experimental and control groups. The program consisted of pre-training, orientation, VR simulation, and debriefing. Results The interaction effect of the intervention and control groups with time points using the ECMO nursing VR simulation program was rejected due to no statistically significant difference in knowledge (F = 1.41, p = .251), confidence (F = 1.97, p = .144), and clinical reasoning capacity (F = 2.85, p = .061). However, learning immersion (t = 3.97, p |
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