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Acne vulgaris is a common disease of adolescence that occurs in approximately80% of the population aged 11-30 years. The disease greatlyreduces well-being and self-esteem. In the pathogenesis of acne vulgarismany factors take part: genetic, hormonal, sebaceous gland hyperplasiawith seborrhoea, changes in the composition of sebum, comedonesformation, Propionibacterium acnes colonization and inflammation.In most cases, the disease does not require systemic treatment, and theavailable causal therapy and topical acne skin care are sufficient toimprove skin condition. In acne vulgaris, local systematic treatmentadjusted to the form of the disease, as monotherapy or combinationtherapy, is required. Keratolytic and anti-comedone drugs are salicylicacid, retinoids and benzoyl peroxide. Some antibiotics, such as clindamycin, erythromycin and erythromycini cyclocarbonas, as well as benzoylperoxide, have anti-bacterial properties. Antibiotics such asmacrolides and tetracyclines, benzoyl peroxide, retinoids, azelaic acid,and vitamin B3 have anti-inflammatory properties. Only azelaic acidhas a weak anti-seborrhoeic effect. 17β-oestradiol and zinc ions havethe action of anti-androgens by competitive action on the receptors.The only substances that theoretically affect all elements of the aetiopathogenesisare triethyl citrate, linolan acetate and azelaic acid. Thearticle describes the mechanisms of action of topical preparations andthe main indications for their use according to the form of the acne. |
