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Heshu Sulaiman Rahman,1,2 Hemn Hassan Othman,3 Nahidah Ibrahim Hammadi,4 Swee Keong Yeap,5 Kawa Mohammad Amin,6 Nozlena Abdul Samad,7 Noorjahan Banu Alitheen8 1Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, University of Sulaimani, Sulaymaniyah 46001, Republic of Iraq; 2Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, College of Health Sciences, Komar University of Science and Technology, Sulaymaniyah, Republic of Iraq; 3Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, University of Sulaimani, Sulaymaniyah 46001, Republic of Iraq; 4Department of Histology, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Al-Anbar, Ramadi, Republic of Iraq; 5China-ASEAN College of Marine Sciences, Xiamen University Malaysia, Sepang, Malaysia; 6Department of Microbiology, College of Medicine, University of Sulaimani, Sulaymaniyah 46001, Republic of Iraq; 7Integrative Medicine Cluster, Institut Perubatan dan Pergigian Termaju (IPPT), Sains@BERTAM, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kepala Batas 13200, Pulau Pinang, Malaysia; 8Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biotechnology and Bio-Molecular Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Selangor, MalaysiaCorrespondence: Noorjahan Banu AlitheenDepartment of Cell and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biotechnology and Bio-Molecular Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM Serdang, Selangor, MalaysiaTel +60 126866947Email noorjahan@upm.edu.myHeshu Sulaiman RahmanDepartment of Physiology, College of Medicine, University of Sulaimani, Sulaymaniyah 46001, Republic of IraqTel +964 7726159598Email heshu.rhaman@univsul.edu.iqAbstract: Many types of research have distinctly addressed the efficacy of natural plant metabolites used for human consumption both in cell culture and preclinical animal model systems. However, these in vitro and in vivo effects have not been able to be translated for clinical use because of several factors such as inefficient systemic delivery and bioavailability of promising agents that significantly contribute to this disconnection. Over the past decades, extraordinary advances have been made successfully on the development of novel drug delivery systems for encapsulation of plant active metabolites including organic, inorganic and hybrid nanoparticles. The advanced formulas are confirmed to have extraordinary benefits over conventional and previously used systems in the manner of solubility, bioavailability, toxicity, pharmacological activity, stability, distribution, sustained delivery, and both physical and chemical degradation. The current review highlights the development of novel nanocarrier for plant active compounds, their method of preparation, type of active ingredients, and their biomedical applications.Keywords: nanomedicine, natural plant metabolite, biomedical application, carrier formulation, drug delivery |
