Generation and Characterization of Stable Small Colony Variants of USA300 Staphylococcus aureus in RAW 264.7 Murine Macrophages
| Autor: | Dalida Bivona, Carmelo Bonomo, Lorenzo Colombini, Paolo G. Bonacci, Grete F. Privitera, Giuseppe Caruso, Filippo Caraci, Francesco Santoro, Nicolò Musso, Dafne Bongiorno, Francesco Iannelli, Stefania Stefani |
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| Jazyk: | angličtina |
| Rok vydání: | 2024 |
| Předmět: | |
| Zdroj: | Antibiotics, Vol 13, Iss 3, p 264 (2024) |
| Druh dokumentu: | article |
| ISSN: | 13030264 2079-6382 |
| DOI: | 10.3390/antibiotics13030264 |
| Popis: | Intracellular survival and immune evasion are typical features of staphylococcal infections. USA300 is a major clone of methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA), a community- and hospital-acquired pathogen capable of disseminating throughout the body and evading the immune system. Carnosine is an endogenous dipeptide characterized by antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties acting on the peripheral (macrophages) and tissue-resident (microglia) immune system. In this work, RAW 264.7 murine macrophages were infected with the USA300 ATCC BAA-1556 S. aureus strain and treated with 20 mM carnosine and/or 32 mg/L erythromycin. Stable small colony variant (SCV) formation on blood agar medium was obtained after 48 h of combined treatment. Whole genome sequencing of the BAA-1556 strain and its stable derivative SCVs when combining Illumina and nanopore technologies revealed three single nucleotide differences, including a nonsense mutation in the shikimate kinase gene aroK. Gene expression analysis showed a significant up-regulation of the uhpt and sdrE genes in the stable SCVs compared with the wild-type, likely involved in adaptation to the intracellular milieu. |
| Databáze: | Directory of Open Access Journals |
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