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Abstract Background In this retrospective surveillance, epidemiology, and end results (SEER) registry analysis, we investigated the role of chemotherapy (CT) in the treatment of olfactory neuroblastoma (ON), an exceedingly rare sino‐nasal tumor typically treated with surgery and/or radiation therapy (RT). Methods We analyzed all patients in the SEER registry diagnosed with a single primary malignancy of ON, a primary tumor site within the nasal cavity or surrounding sinuses, sufficient staging information to derive Kadish staging, and >0 days of survival, ensuring follow‐up data. Receipt of CT in the SEER registry was documented as either Yes or No/Unknown. Results Six hundred and thirty‐six patients were identified. One hundred and ninety‐five patients received CT as part of their treatment for ON. Following propensity score matching and inverse probability of treatment weighting, there was inferior overall survival (OS) (HR 1.7, 95% CI: 1.3‐2.2, P = .001) and cancer‐specific survival (CSS) (HR 1.8, 95% CI: 1.3‐2.4, P |
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