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Yun Liu,1,2 Timo Hamm,3 Thomas Ralf Eichinger,3 Walter Kamm,3 Heike Andrea Wieland,3 Brigitta Loretz,1 Anna KH Hirsch,2,4 Sangeun Lee,1,2 Claus-Michael Lehr1,2 1Department of Drug Delivery Across Biological Barriers, Helmholtz Institute for Pharmaceutical Research Saarland (HIPS), Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research (HZI), Saarbrücken, Germany; 2Department of Pharmacy, Saarland University, Saarbrücken, Germany; 3Department of Research and Development, Sanofi-Aventis Deutschland GmbH, Frankfurt Am Main, Germany; 4Department of Drug Design and Optimisation, Helmholtz Institute for Pharmaceutical Research Saarland (HIPS), Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research (HZI), Saarbrücken, GermanyCorrespondence: Claus-Michael Lehr, Department of Drug Delivery Across Biological Barriers, Helmholtz Institute for Pharmaceutical Research Saarland (HIPS), Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research (HZI), Saarbrücken, Germany, Tel +49 681 98806-1000, Fax +49 681 98806 1009, Email Claus-Michael.Lehr@helmholtz-hips.de Sangeun Lee, Department of Pharmacy, Saarland University, Saarbrücken, Germany, Tel +49 681 302 4764, Fax +49 681 302 2028, Email Sangeun.Lee@uni-saarland.deBackground: Therapeutic proteins and peptides offer great advantages compared to traditional synthetic molecular drugs. However, stable protein loading and precise control of protein release pose significant challenges due to the extensive range of physicochemical properties inherent to proteins. The development of a comprehensive protein delivery strategy becomes imperative accounting for the diverse nature of therapeutic proteins.Methods: Biodynamers are amphiphilic proteoid dynamic polymers consisting of amino acid derivatives connected through pH-responsive dynamic covalent chemistry. Taking advantage of the amphiphilic nature of the biodynamers, PNCs and DEs were possible to be prepared and investigated to compare the delivery efficiency in drug loading, stability, and cell uptake.Results: As a result, the optimized PNCs showed 3-fold encapsulation (< 90%) and 5-fold loading capacity (30%) compared to DE-NPs. PNCs enhanced the delivery efficiency into the cells but aggregated easily on the cell membrane due to the limited stability. Although DE-NPs were limited in loading capacity compared to PNCs, they exhibit superior adaptability in stability and capacity for delivering a wider range of proteins compared to PNCs.Conclusion: Our study highlights the potential of formulating both PNCs and DE-NPs using the same biodynamers, providing a comparative view on protein delivery efficacy using formulation methods. Keywords: amphiphilic polymer, nanocomplex, double emulsion, pH-responsive, protein delivery, dynamic covalent chemistry |
