| Autor: |
Wei-Yi Wu, Ling-Jun Liu, Fen-Ping Chang, Yu-Lun Cheng, Fu-Yu Tsai |
| Jazyk: |
angličtina |
| Rok vydání: |
2016 |
| Předmět: |
|
| Zdroj: |
Molecules, Vol 21, Iss 9, p 1205 (2016) |
| Druh dokumentu: |
article |
| ISSN: |
1420-3049 |
| DOI: |
10.3390/molecules21091205 |
| Popis: |
A water-soluble PdCl2(NH3)2/cationic 2,2′-bipyridyl system was found to be a highly efficient catalyst for Stille coupling of aryl iodides and bromides with organostannanes. The coupling reaction was conducted at 110 °C in water, under aerobic conditions, in the presence of NaHCO3 as a base to afford corresponding Stille coupling products in good to high yields. When aryltributylstannanes were employed, the reactions proceeded smoothly under a very low catalyst loading (as little as 0.0001 mol %). After simple extraction, the residual aqueous phase could be reused in subsequent runs, making this Stille coupling economical. In the case of tetramethylstannane, however, a greater catalyst loading (1 mol %) and the use of tetraethylammonium iodide as a phase-transfer agent were required in order to obtain satisfactory yields. |
| Databáze: |
Directory of Open Access Journals |
| Externí odkaz: |
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