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Modern Information and Communication Technology (ICT)-based applications utilize current technological advancements for purposes of streaming data, as a way of adapting to the ever-changing technological landscape. Such efforts require providing accurate, meaningful, and trustworthy output from the streaming sensors particularly during dynamic virtual sensing. However, to ensure that the sensing ecosystem is devoid of any sensor threats or active attacks, it is paramount to implement secure real-time strategies. Fundamentally, real-time detection of adversarial attacks/instances during the User Feedback Process (UFP) is the key to forecasting potential attacks in active learning. Also, according to existing literature, there lacks a comprehensive study that has a focus on adversarial detection from an active machine learning perspective at the time of writing this paper. Therefore, the authors posit the importance of detecting adversarial attacks in active learning strategy. Attack in the context of this paper through a UFP-Threat driven model has been presented as any action that exerts an alteration to the learning system or data. To achieve this, the study employed ambient data collected from a smart environment human activity recognition from (Continuous Ambient Sensors Dataset, CASA) with fully labeled connections, where we intentionally subject the Dataset to wrong labels as a targeted/manipulative attack (by a malevolent labeler) in the UFP, with an assumption that the user-labels were connected to unique identities. While the dataset's focus is to classify tasks and predict activities, our study gives a focus on active adversarial strategies from an information security point of view. Furthermore, the strategies for modeling threats have been presented using the Meta Attack Language (MAL) compiler for purposes adversarial detection. The findings from the experiments conducted have shown that real-time adversarial identification and profiling during the UFP could significantly increase the accuracy during the learning process with a high degree of certainty and paves the way towards an automated adversarial detection and profiling approaches on the Internet of Cognitive Things (ICoT). |
