Comparison Between Intravenous Nalbuphine and Lidocaine in Reducing Propofol-Induced Injection Pain During Gastroscopy: A Randomized Controlled Trial

Autor: Jiang Wang, Jinjuan Duan, Cuiyu Xie, Yongqi Yu, Yao Lu
Jazyk: angličtina
Rok vydání: 2020
Předmět:
Zdroj: Pain and Therapy, Vol 9, Iss 2, Pp 563-571 (2020)
Druh dokumentu: article
ISSN: 2193-8237
2193-651X
DOI: 10.1007/s40122-020-00188-y
Popis: Abstract Introduction Intravenous propofol anesthesia is widely used in painless endoscopy. However, propofol injection pain is a common adverse effect. This study investigated the effects of nalbuphine and lidocaine in reducing propofol-induced injection pain. Methods In this double-blind, randomized study, 330 patients were randomly divided into three groups by using a random number table: the nalbuphine group (N), lidocaine group (L), and control group (C). The N, L, and C groups received either 0.1 mg/kg nalbuphine, 0.5 mg/kg lidocaine, or an equivalent volume of normal saline, respectively, as pretreatment drug. Then propofol was manually injected. The primary outcome of this study was the incidence of propofol-induced injection pain, and secondary outcomes included the severity of propofol-induced injection pain, vital signs, and adverse events, including hypotension, bradycardia (
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