Ultrahigh Ni‐Rich (90%) Layered Oxide‐Based Cathode Active Materials: The Advantages of Tungsten (W) Incorporation in the Precursor Cathode Active Material

Autor: Marcel Heidbüchel, Aurora Gomez‐Martin, Lars Frankenstein, Ardavan Makvandi, Martin Peterlechner, Gerhard Wilde, Martin Winter, Johannes Kasnatscheew
Jazyk: angličtina
Rok vydání: 2024
Předmět:
Zdroj: Small Science, Vol 4, Iss 10, Pp n/a-n/a (2024)
Druh dokumentu: article
ISSN: 2688-4046
DOI: 10.1002/smsc.202400135
Popis: Minor amounts of tungsten (W) are well known to improve Ni‐rich layered oxide‐based cathode active materials (CAMs) for Li ion batteries. Herein, W impacts are validated and compared for varied concentrations and incorporation routes in aqueous media for LiNi0.90Co0.06Mn0.04O2 (NCM90‐6‐4), either via modification of a precursor NixCoyMnz(OH)2 (pCAM) within a sol–gel reaction or directly during synthesis, i.e., either via an W‐based educt or during co‐precipitation in a continuously operated Couette–Taylor reactor. In particular, the sol–gel modification is shown to be beneficial and reveals >500 cycles for ≈80% state‐of‐health NCM90‐6‐4||graphite cells. It can be related to homogeneously W‐modified surface as well as smaller and elongated primary particles, whereas the latter are suggested to better compensate anisotropic lattice stress and decrease amount of microcracks, consequently minimizing further rise in surface area and the accompanied failure cascades (e.g., phase changes, metal dissolution, and crosstalk). Moreover, the different incorporation routes are shown to reveal different outcomes and demonstrate the complexity and sensitivity of W incorporation.
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