Adaptive scaling factors based on the impact of selected DCT coefficients for image watermarking

Autor: Dhani Ariatmanto, Ferda Ernawan
Jazyk: angličtina
Rok vydání: 2022
Předmět:
Zdroj: Journal of King Saud University: Computer and Information Sciences, Vol 34, Iss 3, Pp 605-614 (2022)
Druh dokumentu: article
ISSN: 1319-1578
DOI: 10.1016/j.jksuci.2020.02.005
Popis: Image watermarking technique aims at high imperceptibility of the embedded watermark with minimal distortion in the watermarked images. In frequency-domain, block-based Discrete Cosine Transform (DCT) is a popular method which can be improved by different scaling factors. This paper presents an adaptive scaling factor for selected DCT coefficients in image watermarking. The image blocks that have lowest pixel variances are chosen as the embedding locations. The optimal scaling factors for selected DCT coefficients on the middle frequencies are obtained by finding the best quality of images. The embedding process is performed using the obtained scaling factors. The proposed technique was investigated to verify the robustness and imperceptibility against various image-processing attacks. It is proved that our technique achieves higher robustness against noise addition, filter and compression than the existing schemes in most cases. Our technique produces greater imperceptibility than the existing schemes.
Databáze: Directory of Open Access Journals